THE AMAZING STEPHANUS GREEK NEW TESTAMENT OF 1550!

Introduction

In this article we present an amazing mathematical study of the Stephanus Greek New Testament versus the Hort and Westcott Greek New Testament. It shows a great many mathematical relations that are highly superior in the Stephanus Greek New Testament. It will even show the Stephanus Greek New Testament is "perfect," in our expert opinion (Engineering degree with associated math, and 50+ years of studying the Bible for a total of about 7800+ hours).

In fact, the mathematical relationships we will present are so astronomically improbable as to assure us that the Stephanus Greek New Testament is the very Word of God, as penned by the Apostles!

It is not only that there are so many mathematical relationships (75+ so far), but also the kinds of mathematical relationships that leads one to believe that only God could have inspired the text that Stephanus managed to get perfectly right in his GNT. The fact is that we had to use several spreadsheets to do the math for us to uncover the amazing improbable mathematical relationships. Stephanus and the original authors did not have spreadsheets for summations and CRC calculations. 

Thus we feel we have the original text of the original authors in the Stephanus GNT, but this is not in the Hort and Westcott GNT, as you will see.

Definitions

For this article, we are providing the following terminology:

• GNT = Greek New Testament
• STGNT = Stephanus Greek New Testament, text format, latinized Greek letters, entire NT on one line, raw, no white space, no notation of any kind.
• HWGNT = Hort and Westcott Greek New Testament (the basis for 98% of modern versions)
• GNV = Greek Numerical Value = the value of a Greek word based on the summation of the numerical value assigned to each letter by the Greek numbering system. It is also the GNV of individual letters too. (Alpha =1, Beta = 2, etc)  (See Figure 1, below.)
• a "low-order factor" is an integer that divides exactly into an integer of interest, and is less than 1/2 of the integer of interest
• a "high-order factor" is an integer that divides exactly into an integer of interest, and is greater than 1/2 of the integer(s)
• a "factor" is an integer that divides exactly into an integer of interest
• in our representation of the spellings of Greek words we use “Latinized” letters accepted by most
• digital root = summation of all the numbers in a longer number; for example 796 = 7+9+6 = 22 (2-digit root) and 2+2 = 4 (1-digit root).
  

Major Findings

By examining the Stephanus GNT for mathematical relationships, we found (thus far) that the Stephanus Greek New Testament has many fairly independent coincidental mathematical improbabilities.  Conservatively, the odds against these relationships are 1 in 108 x 10¹³⁵ , or 

1 chance in  108,097,183,049,302,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 

or 1 chance in 108 followed by 135 zeros !!!!!!!!!  

Therefore it is by these odds we are compelled to accept the Stephanus GNT as the very Word of God, as it was written 2000 years ago.  Some that read this will scoff, and we understand why:  liberal theological thought.

The above odds are computed from the products of the odds in Table 1 and Table 3, below.

When we did the same kind of comparisons on the HWGNT, we only got an order of magnitude of 10^15th  . This is essentially down in the "noise," that is, it is just simple coincidence, not astronomical improbability.

The above odds point out two things.

1. Bibles not totally derived from STGNT probably should not be used. This includes translations based on HWGNT, in part or in whole, or its derivatives UBS, NA, SBL or The GNT, which are unfaithful based on our mathematical findings. (See list of these for English translations at  HW_TR versions.)
2. Those who have not been saved yet should see these odds, recognize the truth, acknowledge they are sinners, believe Jesus died for their sins, repent and surrender to the Lord to be saved, because this proves God is behind the New Testament, in particular, the Stephanus GNT, and likely, faithfully derived translations, so God is alive and real!

The above facts, plus those facts shown in Possessing God's Word show that most all modern translations are suspect at best, and heresy at worst.  Why would I want a translation that is not the best?  You be the judge of what is best for you.

Now we present a summary of proofs' tables, followed by our detailed proofs.

    One may refer to Table 2 for most of the numbers in the table that follows, which are the basic statistics of the STGNT.

For more details for the above table refer to Reference 1.

1. This table uses a file containing the books of the STGNT in a supposed chronological order, wherein, only the Latinized representation of the Greek letters are used, and nothing else (no book names, verses, or even white spaces). The entire STGNT is on one line of text.
2. Column 1 is the polynomial value input into the CRC-32 program used for this file
3. Column 4 is the resultant CRC for each respective polynomial used
4. N2 = initial 2-digit digital root
5. N2' = secondary digital root (1 or 2 digit)
6. N1 = final 1-digit digital root
7. The colors are reference only.

1. Digits 1-3, vertically in 10 CRCs, in Greek =  “From what-place is Jesus lifting-off of sinners the penalties-of-sins?  Seek-from-there a living righteousness.”
2. Digits 4-6, vertically in 10 CRCs, in Greek = “Barabbas, freed and given to the barbarians, opened-up-immediately (God's) love, conveying peace to the saddened ones.”
3. Digits 7-9, vertically in 10 CRCs, in Greek = “We now preach a view, which is aimed at you, to repent, especially because of the atonement made by (Christ's) dying, blotting out all (sin) that a sinner bears.
4. GNV of 75888704 yields CRC=4277308773 and together these form “Jesus purchased his own” “and (he) speaks to and loves the righteous ones”
   

Here are the “mathematics” of the STGNT that Table 1 is  is based on. There are reference numbers in braces {x} that refer back to those in Table 1.

• Total number of Greek characters in STGNT: 692,370

  • {N.1.1} each single digit in this number (6,9,2,3&7) is a low-order factor of the whole (all single numbers divide exactly into 692,370, with no remainders) [odds 1:84] 

  • {N.1.2} including the digits above, the total number of integers that are factors of the number 692,370 is 72, which is a fairly large number of factors for this many characters [odds, about 1:225 for 6-digit, random number]

  • {N.1.3} the two-digit digital root = 27 (6+9+2+3+7+0=27), which equals the number of books in the New Testament! [odds 1:81, conservatively] 

• Total number of words in STGNT: 140,526

  • {N.2.1} there are 13,632 words with GNVs that equal 24 factors of 140,526 words, a fairly large number of factors [odds 1:400, conservatively]  

  • {N.2.2} the two-digit digital root of 140,526 words = 18 (1+4+0+5+2+6=18), which equals the number of books in the New Testament that were written explicitly to churches (the other 9 were historical or written to persons) [odds 1:81]  

• Total number of verses in STGNT: 7956

  • {N.3.1} there are many words with GNVs that equal 34 low-order factors out of a possible 36 factors for the number 7956, a fairly large number of factors [odds 1:250]  

  • {N.3.2} the two-digit digital root = 27 (7+9+5+6=27), which equals the number of books in the New Testament [odds 1:54]  

• {N.4.1} The single-digit digital root for the sum of the number of characters, words and verses = 9 in each category, and 9 + 9 + 9 = 27, the number of books in the New Testament. [odds 1:81]  

• {N.5.1} through {N.5.9}  A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), detects not only added/missing verses, words or characters, but things that are out of order.  For testing purposes, we put the Stephanus GNT is a supposed chronological order than came from a source who used hundreds of scholars and consensus using an averaging system to figure out what is the most likely chronological order.

What we did was to apply a CRC check to this chronological order using 10 different polynomials (Table 2 and Table 3, both below). What we found was that the coincidences were extraordinary in terms of a huge probability.

• The summed GNV of the 692,370 characters based on their assigned Greek numerical values is 75,888,704

  • This number has 14 low-order factors:

    • 7 of the low-order factors are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64, a list of binary numbers, similar to what computers use

    • 7 other low-order are 41, 82, 164, 328, 656, 1312 and 2624, a list of numbers starting with the prime 41, and the rest of the list is formed by multiplying the prime 41, times the list of binaries in the previous list (41 x 1, 41 x 2, 41 x 4, x 8, x 16, etc). While large numbers of factors are not uncommon, the odds against this for random 8-digit number are astronomical that one set of factors is produced by multiplying a base number (41) by the other set of factors  (see its triune nature at 75888704 )

    • these 14 low-order factors also have a high-order factor list making a total of 28 factors altogether, for example, 75,888,704 / 2 = 37,944,352 and 75,888,704 / 37,944,352 = 2, etc, for the other 26 factors

    • the single-digit digital root for the number 28 = 1, a unity number, a coincidence, supporting a relationship of sorts between the total GNV of the STGNT and these 28 factors in the sum of 75,888,704

    • the sum of all 28 factors of the total GNV is 154,269,948 with a single digital root = 3, the number for God.
      

    • {P.5.1} [odds of these all above: 1:556, conservatively] 

• The prime number 41, which is a low-order factor in the total GNV of the STGNT (75,888,704), also has some special coincidences of its own:

  • In mathematics, 41 has some of these traits:

    • the sum of two squares, 4 squared, and 5 squared (16+25=41)

    • 11 to 41^st power contains no zeros ( 978 518 112 499 354 698 647 829 163 838 661 251 242 411 )

    • 41 is the smallest Sophie Germain prime to start a Cunningham chain of the first kind of three terms, {41, 83, 167}

    • many more …

  • In relation to the Bible:

  • Euler’s polynomial: Euler observed that f(x) = x2+x+41 takes on prime values for 0≤x≤39. There are 39 books in the Old Testament. 

  • 41 generations are listed from Abraham to Jesus, in Matthew 1 (There are not 42 generations, since there is a twice listed generation in verse 17.)
  • Jesus' big temptation from the devil, after 40 days without food, came on day 41
  • {P.5.2} The author Stephanus ended his career in Switzerland (as a reformer, not a Catholic), which amazingly today, uses the international dialing code of 41 ! [odds 1:200] 
  • note that the other odds (above), are not being counted, just to be conservative, even though they are amazing!
    

• In relation to the total GNV of the entire STGNT (75,888,704):

• the number "888," is the GNV of "ihsous" (Jesus - nominative), and in the middle of the total GNV of the STGNT is the number "888".  This number does not appear in the total GNV of the HWGNT (3,594,544)! 

• the "704" in this number includes words with this GNV meaning "they-have-pierced-him," "ye are purchased" (with a price) and "they-shall-be-changed" (born again).  

• {P.6.1} the "75" in this number includes the word "own" and together we can form a sort of sentence "own (object - acc) Jesus (nom) purchased" or in English SVO order "Jesus purchased (his) own (with his blood)" or others like "Jesus changed (his) own (redeemed),"  [computed odds are 1:26,341 for all three words to be found that represent the entire theme of the NT, that is the redemption of His own via His blood. This is very conservative odds.]  

• the HWGNT has a GNV of 73,594,544, and a search of the same kind as above for STGNT reveals only a mixture of words, with no special words or messages in the HWGNT total GNV

• the GNV sum of all the words that are low-order factors of 75,888,704 is 1,673,191 which has a digital root = 1  ("God", unity)

• the sum of all of the low-order factors of 16,731,191 is 2443, and minus the unity factor (1) is 2442 with a digital root =3 the number of the trinity.
  

• the number 41 is the reverse order of 14, the number of all low-order factors listed previously that divide into the total GNV of the STGNT, 75,888,704

• {P.6.2} When we add up the number of chapters, verses, words, characters and the total GNV for the STGNT we get 76,729,816. This number has a digital root =1, and has its own "story" that reads "all-are-able, all-repent, completely" which when tied to the story above, really is amazing! (BTW, this story means a one time repentance saves forever.)  [Including the odds of the story and the digital root odds, we are looking at 1:26,342 odds. This is very conservative odds.] 

• {P.6.3} The above sum (7,729,816) has a digital root = 1 ("God", unity) [The odds of this are 1:9] 

• {P.6.4} The STGNV (75,888,704) has 28 factors. The digital root = 1 ("God", unity) . [The odds of this are 1:9] 

• note that the other odds (above), are not being counted, just to be conservative, though they are amazing!

• The name of God in Greek as “qeoV” (nominative) and “qeouV” (accusative) have a GNV of 90 and 490, respectively, and those two numbers are low-order factors of the 692,370 characters in the STGNT:

  • {F.1.1} with respect to each letter in “qeoV," when each GNV of each letter is multiplied by the number of occurrences of that letter in the NT, each has the same digital root = 9.  No other letters in the NT, when treated this way, equals 9  [odds, conservatively 1:729] 

  • {F.1.2} “God” in the Greek as “qeoV” (nominative, GNV = 90) and “qeouV” (accusative, GNV = 490) are both low-order factors of the number of characters of the NT. [odds for both are about 1:184] 
  • {F.1.3} Including the above two words, there are 334 unique words from the STGNT with GNVs which are low-order factors of the total number of characters, and from digital root, the number 334 = 1, ("God", unity) that coincidentally shows a 334 words' GNV to character count relationship. [odds 1:9] 

  • {F.1.4} the Greek letter Stigma (represented by “V”), used above for “qeoV,” has to have the correct quantity in the NT in order to yield a total GNV that has a digital root = 9, for the example above. Stigma is an alternate for Sigma btw, and Stigma ("V") is used only at the end of words, but Sigma is used elsewhere, and this is inconsistent in many Greek NT texts, but not in the Stephanus Greek New Testament. Not all Greek texts agree on the use of Stigma versus Sigma, but Stephanus gets it right in order to make the numbers come out right, coincidentally, since Stigma is not the same GNV as Sigma [odds 1:18, conservatively] 

  • {F.1.5} the number of Stigmas (25,728) and number of Sigmas (26,781) both have a 2-digit digital root = 24, and a 1-digit of 6, and when added together have a 1-digit digital root = 3, the number the trinity.  (Note: Stigma is a replacement for Sigma under specific grammar rules, but otherwise is basically the same as the English letter "s".) [odds 1:50 for both having same 2-digit sum]  [odds for 1-digit sum of both = 3 (trinity) 1:9] [total odds 1:450]

• {F.1.6} in Revelation 1:8, the Lord calls Himself the "Alpha and Omega". Alpha (a) and Omega (w) are found in the  STGNT 77,098 and 21,851 times, respectively. The sum of these two numbers is 98,949 which has a digital root = 3, the number for God. [odds 1:9] And when we remove the 8 & 4 from this number that are used to create the digital root = 3, we are left with three 9s, whose sum is 27, the number of books in the NT [odds 1: 27], but together the odds climb [odds 2-digit=2-digit 1:60] 
  

• {M.1.1} What about the Johannes Comma? These words are missing in some translations, but are present in those faithful to STGNT. The Greek words in question are "en tw ouranw o pathr o logos kai to agion pneuma kai outoi oi treis en eisin kai treis eisin oi marturountes en th gh" and are found in STGNT in 1 John 5:7b-8a.  These words have a Greek summed GNV of 9936.  If we add these single digits together, we get 27, the number of books in the NT. Does that sound like these words belong in the 27 books of the New Testament? It is a coincidence that the challenged words total 27.  [odds 1:270,  since this is an external controversy and required 4 digits, not 3] 

• {M.1.2} There are exactly 3 Greek words in the STGNT with a GNV of 999, so all three have a summed GNV of 27 (+9+9+9). These three words, when used in a sentence say: "Apostles-spoke-the-word, became-published-everywhere, so-it-was-fulfilled." (Published means copied and/or printed.) (Note that the odds are not being counted, just to be conservative, though this is amazing!.) 

• {M.1.3} The spelling in STGNT for "David" is "dabid" (GNV = 21) and in HWGNT, "dauid" (GNV = 419).  STGNT "dabid" (GNV = 21) has a digital root = 3, but HWGNT = 5. Three (3) is the number for God. Five (5) is the number for a human hand number of digits, or several other things. (Note that the odds are not being counted, just to be conservative.) 

{M.1.4} It is true that any large publication, say a novel, can have mathematical relationships too, but the New Testament has at least 8 writers, and Stephanus, as a publisher had to chose from the variants what he or his assistants deemed right. Those variants, had different words and spellings and thus different GNVs and different CRC as well.  Truly, the variance in NT character count and total text GNV and CRC had a slim chance of becoming the right number of characters, GNV and CRC that resulted in such a large set of mathematical coincidences, as identified above, and there are far more not identified. 

The Count Counts

Note that the version of the Stephanus Greek New Testament we used in our study does not have the verse, Revelation 22:21, and ours has the corrected spellings per the 1551 edition as well. In fact, if Revelation 22:21 were counted, then instead of 7956 verses, there would be 7957. As it turns out, 7956 has 34 factors, while 7957 has just 3!  This adds to the credence based on other evidence as well, that verse 22:21 does not belong. (It appears after a little deeper study that this verse was added as a benediction by another person instead of the author of Revelation, and that it is a benediction that Paul used, so why would it be in John's Revelation?)

Also, there are 692,370 letters in STGNT without Revelation 22:21. This verse has 48 Greek letters in it, and if added to 682,370 equals 692,418.  So instead of 46 factors into 692,370 letters, there is only 8 in 692,418 and the digit root value because unremarkable.

The number of words in STGNT is 140,526, but if we add Revelation 22:21, 11 more words would be added. So instead of 17 factors in 140,526 words, there would only be 3 factors in 140,537 words, and the digital root value becomes unremarkable.

So when it comes to the rest of the New Testament, the count counts.

Our point: The number of characters, words and verses effects how important the count is, and many resultant factors.  The STGNT excels in these 3 major areas of low-order factors, as well as complete sets of factors. Change things a bit, and the factors drop radically, and the digital roots become unremarkable reducing odds to that of an ordinary novel, not the amazing Stephanus Greek New Testament!

There are a lot of missing and changed words in HWGNT, which would alter the STGNT character, word and verse counts, and alter the total GNV, such that the overwhelming perfection would be disturbed in STGNT, even changing but a few things, or even just one letter!

The Order Counts

It has been well-established the approximate dates of the authorship of each of the 27 books of the NT.  Today, however, most all versions are in today's current book order, including in the Greek (and other languages besides English), and this is called the "canon order."

The book order effects the CRC of the entire NT, and the digital roots as well. Using our supposed chronological order yielded the results we obtained. 

When we tested the canon order on the STGNT CRC, we only got a 10 to the 10th order of magnitude, but on our supposed chronological order of magnitude is highly significant at 10 to the 73rd order of magnitude.

The CRC, and its resultant digital root odds, are also impacted by word order (such as subject-verb-object order in Greek), missing or added words, alternate words, and even variant spellings. If for example, too many stigmas take the place of Sigmas, the CRC changes. This also impacts the GNV. The fact is that HWGNT does 100% stigma-for-sigma substitutions at the end of words, while STGNT still uses some 1st century spellings, such that not every word that ends in sigma uses stigma.  If we did replace in STGNT stigmas-for-sigma's at the end of all words, the resultant CRC and GNV would "blow up" our odds in favor of the STGNT. 

(It should be noted that stigma did begin to replace sigma at the end of words during the 1st century, so those without stigma substitutions, such spellings are likely written earlier, rather than later in the 1st century.)

HWGNT failed badly, both on the summation and CRC tests.  The summation odds were in the range of 10 to the 7th and the CRC in the range of 10 to the 6th, for a total of 10 to the 14th power order of magnitude. This is "in the noise" compared to the STGNT total odds of 10 to the 111th power order of magnitude.

Hort and Westcott GNT

FAQs

What about Revelation 22:21?  Is it included or not?

1. This verse appears to be an exact copy of Romans 16:24 in the STGNT. In fact, HWGNT does not have this verse in Romans 16:24, but places it instead in Revelation 22:21.
2. If this verse is placed in Revelation 22:21 instead of Romans 16:24, the CRC-32 of the STGNT and its resultant digital roots "blow up" and those odds of 53,144,100:1 disappear.
3. If it is present in Romans 16:24 and then again in Revelation 22:21, the STGNT math sums are not "perfect." Instead, the digital root of verses = 1, for words = 2, characters = 4, STGNV = 9, and chapters is still 2, and the new sum is 6, the number for man, suggesting a human made version.
4. Additionally, the 2-digit digital root sum for verses, words and characters is no longer 27 (9 + 9 +9), but is only a single sum of 7, and so that "perfect" math is not there to equal the 27 books of the NT.
5. Because the 75,888,704 for the STGNV now becomes 75,897,675, the story found in the GNVs for 75, 888 and 740 that represents the theme of the NT ("Jesus purchases his own"), is no longer present. (In fact the Greek words that fall out are meaningless garbage.)
6. In any case, STGNT has "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ [be] with you all. Amen," in Romans 16:24 only, but HWGNT has these exact words in Revelation 22:21 only. (The Greek words are exactly the same, verbatim.) So who is right? 
1. In either location (but not both) the grand total sums of the "perfect" math of STGNT is unchanged. Only local sums change, but there is nothing of significance to note.  
2. The answer appears to be that these words fit in Romans 16:24, but not in Revelation 22:21.
1. This is because these words are part of the closing words to the church at Rome, based on Paul addressing them in Romans 1:7. 
2. However, Revelation is not really written to a particular body of believers, but is a Revelation from Jesus Christ to the churches in general, and as such, Jesus would not, via a direct revelation, close the end of Revelation with these words. They simply do not make any sense coming from Jesus as a revelation.
7. It should be noted that the exact Greek words of Revelation 22:21 are found in 8 places in Paul's letters, so this verses seems out of place when Paul's words are located at the end of a book written by John.  Perhaps, some editors, finding this verse at Romans 16:20 and again at Romans 16:24, elected to move it to Revelation 22:21 so there would only be one of these benedictions near the end of the book of Romans ???
   

1. Removing these words also makes the "perfect" math of the STGNV wrong, along with the math for the number of verses, words and characters.
2. Removing this passage results in messing up the "perfect" math of the STGNT, where the 2-digit digital root sum for verses, words and characters is no long 27 (books of the NT).
3. The sum of the single-digit digital roots for chaps, verses, words, character and STGNV is now 6 (man), instead of 1 (God), suggesting if it is remove, it is done by a man.

1. The above usage is the current standard, that in time came into use, maybe after the 9th century.
2. However, the Greek New Testament is a bit different, wherein the use of sigma at the end of a word is also used to form a compound word, that is, make two words into one, say like "book" and "case" become "bookcase" even though there are sentences where "book" and "case" can be separated by white space, and be valid. This is very useful for two words that are not usually a compound word anyway, since early Greek lacked white space to separate words, adding to the difficulty in recognizing compound Greek words.
3. Hence, STGNT preserves compound words by placing sigma at the end of words to join it to the next word, but HWGNT does not. These compound words reflect 1st Century Greek texts.
4. In fact, the use of stigma at the end of a word tells you not to compound it with the next word.
   
5. Not recognizing and understanding compound words in Greek can lead to doctrinal error!
6. Also, today's use of white space tends to take us further from thinking some words in Greek might be deliberately compounded with a sigma ending connecting it to the next word(s). So translators should pick up on this and translate correctly. (Greek writing had no white space to save paper.)
   
7. Coincidentally, the German language, and others, use a similar system to make compound words, using "s" within the word, although of course, there is white space when two words are not compound. German seems to have taken this principle from the Greek.